|
Robert John Sholl (16 July 1819 – 19 June 1886) was a government administrator, magistrate, explorer, newspaper editor, entrepreneur, harbourmaster, customs official, postmaster and lay reader in Western Australia (WA), during the colonial era.〔Colonial Secretary, 1865, "Instructions to the Government Resident of the North District"〕 〔 Sholl was the most senior, and sometimes only, government and judicial official located within a vast jurisdiction – known at the time as the North District – between the Murchison River and Timor Sea, during the period between 1865 and 1881.〔McCarthy, 2001, p33. (From 1883, the North District was divided into three magisterial districts: "Gascoyne", "Northern" () and "Kimberley".)〕 Because of his geographical isolation from his superiors and the colonial legislature,〔While members of the Legislative Council ostensibly representing the North District sat from 1874, the WA Parliament's powers were highly limited before 1890, when responsible government was granted.〕 Sholl wielded considerable, ''de facto'' executive power;〔Sholl’s paid positions apart from Resident Magistrate were Sub-collector of Customs & Internal Revenue, as well as Registrar of Births, Deaths & Marriages. He was also expected to perform religious services for the Church of England, which was the official church in Western Australia at the time). (See also Sholl's preliminary instructions from the Colonial Secretary of Western Australia, Frederick Barlee, in the quotation box on this page.)〕 an obituary in ''The West Australian'' described him as having been "virtually a Lieutenant Governor" of the North District.〔 Because of his multiple roles and significant political power, Sholl is regarded as a highly significant figure in the history of the region known later as the Pilbara, at an early stage of its settlement. ==Family and early Life== The Sholl family originated in Cornwall and had strong ties to maritime industries, the armed forces, international trade, public office and medicine, in both England and Australia.〔William, Clement & Boase 1876, p46.〕 William Sholl (1736–1797), RJ Sholl's paternal grandfather, was a Freeman (shareholder) of the Levant Company, represented it at İskenderun (Alexandretta) in Turkey and was vice consul of both the UK and the Netherlands in that city;〔William, Clement & Boase, 1876, p46 and; Wilson, 2011, p40. (At the time, the rare, alternate title of "Factor Marine" was given to the British Vice-Consul at Scanderoon (as İskenderun/Alexandretta was known in English at the time).〕 He married Maria Teresa Sholl, née Justa (1761?—1833) at Aleppo in 1778.〔Sources citing the wedding certificate suggest that Maria Sholl's mother was named Clara Justa and that Maria Teresa Justa, before marrying William Sholl, "abjured the Roman Catholick Religion or the Church of Rome, and embraced the Protestant" (e.g. Sherwood 1913–16, p326). One source (William, Clement & Boase 1876, p46) spells the surname "Justo" and describes Maria Sholl as the daughter of a "Greek physician at Aleppo", which suggests Greek ethnicity and/or membership of the Greek Catholic Church.〕 Several members of the family had careers connected to the Royal Navy or British Army during the 19th century: *Robert Sholl senior (c. 1781–1832), the father of RJ Sholl, held the post of Naval Agent;〔A Naval Agent was either a civilian contractor supplying the RN, or a commissioned officer of the RN – usually a Lieutenant, who liaised with merchant ship owners and captains contracted by the navy.〕 *Richard Sholl (1786–1836), an uncle of RJ Sholl, was the Purser on HMS ''Sulphur'', when it was part of the 1829 expedition to establish the Swan River Colony, and he acquired property there;〔Western Australian Explorers' Diaries Project, n.d.〕 *Vice Admiral Sir John Kingcome KCB (1794–1871) was an uncle by marriage; *Dr William Horatio Sholl MRCSE (1808–76), RJ Sholl's older brother, was a Surgeon with the British Auxiliary Legion in Spain, during the First Carlist War 〔''Australian Encyclopaedia'' (v5), 1977, p333; ''Perth Gazette'', 3 April 1841, p4; ''South Australian Register'', 30 December 1876, p8S and; ''The West Australian'', 26 September 1936, p5 and;Alexander Somerville, 1839, ''History of the British Legion, and War in Spain'', London, James Pattie, p662.)〕 and; *Colonel Edward Corbett MP (1817–95), an officer in the British Army and later a member of the House of Commons was RJ Sholl's brother-in-law.〔Corbett married Elizabeth Sholl junior (1826–?) in WA in 1842 (see, for example, the ''Perth Gazette'' of 26 Feb 1842).〕 Robert John Sholl, born on 16 July 1819 in London, was the third of six children of Elizabeth Sholl (née Motton; c. 1782–18??) and Robert Sholl senior.〔Birman, 1976, p121; ''The Hampshire Telegraph and Sussex Chronicle'', 29 October 1832.〕 RJ Sholl was the second oldest sibling (and second oldest son) to survive into adulthood.〔Birman 2012〕 Dr William Horatio Sholl emigrated to Western Australia in 1839, after inheriting property from their uncle Richard. Dr Sholl attempted, without success, to be appointed Colonial Surgeon – the most senior medical position in WA.〔Mossenson 2012.〕 After becoming editor of Perth newspaper ''The Inquirer'', WH Sholl used that position for outspoken criticism of some government officials.〔Mossenson 2012.〕 He later moved to South Australia, where he became a prominent medical practitioner.〔''South Australian Register'', 30 December 1876, p8S. (Lionel Henry Sholl (1844–1930), a son of WH Sholl and nephew of RJ Sholl, became Under Secretary and Under Treasurer of South Australia (Encyclopaedia'' v5, 1983, p86 and ''The West Australian'', 26 September 1936, p5 ). Lionel Sholl's grandson, Sir Reginald Sholl (1902–88), was a Justice of the Supreme Court of Victoria and Australian Consul-General in New York.)〕 In 1844, RJ Sholl married Mary Ann Berckelman (1822–1889) – who had been born in Ireland – at the Anglican Church in Picton, WA.〔Landgate 2006–2007〕 The couple were to have eight children,〔 and several of their sons became prominent in government and business circles: * Trevarton Sholl (1845–1867 – see below); * Richard Adolphus Sholl (1847–1919), Postmaster General of WA (1889–1900); * Robert Frederick Sholl (1848–1909), MLC/MLA, pearler, investor in real estate and mining, representative at the Australasian Federal Convention of 1897, and; * Horatio William (Horace) Sholl (1852–1927), MLC/MLA, pastoralist, pearler and mining proprietor. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Robert John Sholl」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|